These documents examine how biological complexity and identity emerge through the interplay of information theory, thermodynamics, and self-organising constraints. Alicia Juarrero explores how feedback loops and closure create coherent systems where the whole influences its parts, moving beyond simple cause-and-effect models to explain autonomous behavior. Complementing this, Lila Gatlin applies Shannon’s mathematical principles to DNA, arguing that life evolves by optimizing the balance between message variety and error-free reliability. A critical review further situates these theories within broader scientific debates, contrasting teleological explanations of natural purpose with traditional physical materialism. Together, the sources suggest that life’s coherence is driven by context-dependent interdependencies that allow systems to maintain themselves and evolve greater sophistication. Consequently, the authors propose that understanding complex organisms requires a new framework that integrates semantic meaning with the physical laws of entropy.